CIVIL PROCEDURE


CIVIL PROCEDURE

RULE 1 GENERAL PROVISONS
Section 1. Title of the Rules.
Sec. 2. In what courts applicable.
Sec. 3. Cases governed.
Sec. 4. In what cases not applicable.
Sec. 5. Commencement of action.
Sec. 6. Construction.

CIVIL ACTIONS ORDINARY CIVIL ACTIONS [Rules 2 to 5]
RULE 2 CAUSE OF ACTION
Section 1. Ordinary civil actions, basis of.
Sec. 2. Cause of action, defined.
Sec. 3. One suit for a single cause of action.
Sec. 4. Splitting a single cause of action; effect of.
Sec. 5. Joinder of causes of action.
Sec. 6. Misjoinder of causes of action.
 
RULE 3 PARTIES TO CIVIL ACTIONS
Section 1. Who may be parties; plaintiff and defendant.
Sec. 2. Parties in interest.
Sec. 3. Representatives as parties.
Sec. 4. Spouses as parties.
Sec. 5. Minor or incompetent persons.
Sec. 6. Permissive joinder of parties.
Sec. 7. Compulsory joinder of indispensable parties.
Sec. 8. Necessary party.
Sec. 9. Non-joinder of necessary parties to be pleaded.
Sec. 10. Unwilling co-plaintiff.
Sec. 11. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties.
Sec. 12. Class suit.
Sec. 13. Alternative defendants.
Sec. 14. Unknown identity or name of defendant.
Sec. 15. Entity without juridical personality as defendant.
Sec. 16. Death of party; duty of counsel.
Sec. 17. Death or separation of a party who is a public officer.
Sec. 18. Incompetency or incapacity.
Sec. 19. Transfer of interest.
Sec. 20. Action on contractual money claims.
Sec. 21. Indigent party.
Sec. 22. Notice to the Solicitor General.
 
RULE 4 VENUE OF ACTIONS
Section 1. Venue of real actions.
Sec. 2. Venue of personal actions.
Sec. 3. Venue of actions against non-residents.
Sec. 4. When Rule not applicable.


RULE 5 UNIFORM PROCEDURE IN TRIAL COURTS 
Section 1. Uniform procedure.
Sec. 2. Meaning of terms.

PROCEDURE IN REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS
[Rules 6 to 39]
  
RULE 6 KINDS OF PLEADINGS
Section 1. Pleadings defined.
Sec. 2. Pleadings allowed.
Sec. 3. Complaint.
Sec. 4. Answer.
Sec. 5. Defenses.
Sec. 6. Counterclaim.
Sec. 7. Compulsory counterclaim.
Sec. 8. Cross-claim.
Sec. 9. Counter-counterclaims and counter-cross-claims.
Sec. 10. Reply.  
Sec. 11. Third, (fourth, etc.) party complaint.
Sec. 12. Bringing new parties.
Sec. 13. Answer to third (fourth, etc.)  party complaint.
 
RULE 7 PARTS OF A PLEADING 
Section 1. Caption.
Sec. 2. The body.
Sec. 3. Signature and address.
Sec. 4. Verification.
Sec. 5. Certification against forum shopping.
 
RULE 8 MANNER OF MAKING ALLEGATIONS IN PLEADINGS
Section 1. In general.
Sec. 2. Alternative causes of action or defenses.
Sec. 3. Conditions precedent.
Sec. 4. Capacity.
Sec. 5. Fraud, mistake, condition of the mind.
Sec. 6. Judgment.
Sec. 7. Action or defense based on document.
Sec. 8. How to contest such documents.
Sec. 9. Official document or act.
Sec. 10. Specific denial.
Sec. 11. Allegations not specifically denied deemed admitted.
Sec. 12. Striking out of pleading or matter contained therein.
 

RULE 9 EFFECT OF FAILURE TO PLEAD
Section 1. Defenses and objections not pleaded.
Sec. 2. Compulsory counterclaim, or cross-claim, not set up barred.
Sec. 3. Default; declaration of.
 

RULE 10 AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTAL PLEADINGS 
Section 1. Amendments in general. 
Sec. 2. Amendments as a matter of right.
Sec. 3. Amendments by leave of court.
Sec. 4. Formal amendments.
Sec. 5. Amendment to conform to or authorize presentation of evidence.
Sec. 6. Supplemental pleadings.
Sec. 7. Filing of amended pleadings.
Sec. 8. Effect of amended pleadings.

RULE 11 WHEN TO FILE RESPONSIVE PLEADINGS 
Section 1. Answer to the complaint. 
Sec. 2. Answer of a defendant foreign private juridical entity.
Sec. 3. Answer to amended complaint.
Sec. 4. Answer to counterclaim or cross-claim.
Sec. 5. Answer to third (fourth, etc.)- party complaint.
Sec. 6. Reply.
Sec. 7. Answer to supplemental complaint.
Sec. 8. Existing counterclaim or cross-claim.
Sec. 9. Counterclaim or cross-claim arising after answer.
Sec. 10. Omitted counterclaim or cross-claim.  
Sec. 11. Extension of time to plead.
 
RULE 12 BILL OF PARTICULARS 
Section 1. When applied or; purpose.
Sec. 2. Action by the court.
Sec. 3. Compliance with order.
Sec. 4. Effect of non-compliance.
Sec. 5. Stay of period to file responsive pleading.
Sec. 6. Bill a part of pleading.

RULE 13 FILING AND SERVICE OF PLEADINGS, JUDGMENTS AND OTHER PAPERS
Section 1. Coverage.
Sec. 2. Filing and service, defined.
Sec. 3. Manner of filing.
Sec. 4. Papers required to be filed and served.
Sec. 5. Modes of service.
Sec. 6. Personal service.
Sec. 7. Service by mail.
Sec. 8. Substituted service. 
Sec. 9. Service of judgments, final orders or resolutions.
Sec. 10. Completeness of service.
Sec. 11. Priorities in modes of service and filing.
Sec. 12. Proof of filing.
Sec. 13. Proof of service.
Sec. 14. Notice of lis pendens.

RULE 14 SUMMONS
Section 1. Clerk to issue summons.
Sec. 2. Contents.
Sec. 3. By whom served.
Sec. 4. Return.
Sec. 5. Issuance of alias summons.
Sec. 6. Service in person on defendant.
Sec. 7. Substituted service.
Sec. 8. Service upon entity without juridical personality.
Sec. 9. Service upon prisoners.
Sec. 10. Service upon minors and incompetents.
Sec. 11. Service upon domestic private juridical entity.
Sec. 12. Service upon foreign private juridical entity.
Sec. 13. Service upon public corporations.
Sec. 14. Service upon defendant whose identity or whereabouts are unknown.
Sec. 15. Extraterritorial service.
Sec. 16. Residents temporarily out of the Philippines.
Sec. 17. Leave of court.
Sec. 18. Proof of service.
Sec. 19. Proof of service by publication.
Sec. 20. Voluntary appearance.

RULE 15 MOTIONS 
Section 1. Motion defined.
Sec. 2. Motions must be in writing.
Sec. 3. Contents.
Sec. 4. Hearing of motion.
Sec. 5. Notice of hearing.
Sec. 6. Proof of service necessary.
Sec. 7. Motion day.
Sec. 8. Omnibus motion.
Sec. 9. Motion for leave.
Sec. 10. Form.

RULE 16 MOTION TO DISMISS
Section 1. Grounds.
Sec. 2. Hearing of motion.
Sec. 3. Resolution of motion.
Sec. 4. Time to plead.
Sec. 5. Effect of dismissal.
Sec. 6. Pleading grounds as affirmative defenses.

RULE 17 DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS
 Section 1. Dismissal upon notice by plaintiff.

Sec. 2. Dismissal upon motion of plaintiff.
Sec. 3. Dismissal due to fault of plaintiff.
Sec. 4. Dismissal of counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party complaint.

 RULE 18 PRE-TRIAL
Section 1. When conducted.
Sec. 2. Nature and purpose.
Sec. 3. Notice of pre-trial.
Sec. 4. Appearance of parties.
Sec. 5. Effect of failure to appear.
Sec. 6. Pre-trial brief.
Sec. 7. Record of pre-trial.

RULE 19 INTERVENTION
Section 1. Who may intervene.
Sec. 2. Time to intervene.
Sec. 3. Pleadings-in-intervention.
Sec. 4. Answer to complaint-in-intervention.

RULE 20 CALENDAR OF CASES
Section 1. Calendar of cases.
Sec. 2. Assignment of cases.

RULE 21 SUBPOENA 
Section 1. Subpoena and subpoena duces tecum.
Sec. 2. By whom issued.
Sec. 3. Form and contents.
Sec. 4. Quashing a subpoena.
Sec. 5. Subpoena for depositions.
Sec. 6. Service.
Sec. 7. Personal appearance in court.
Sec. 8. Compelling attendance.
Sec. 9. Contempt.
Sec. 10. Exceptions.

RULE 22 COMPUTATION OF TIME
Section 1. How to compute time.
Sec. 2. Effect of interruption.

RULE 23 DEPOSITIONS PENDING ACTIONS
Section 1. Depositions pending action, when may be taken.
Sec. 2. Scope of examination.
Sec. 3. Examination and cross-examination.
Sec. 4. Use of depositions.
Sec. 5. Effect of substitution of parties.
Sec. 6. Objections to admissibility.

Sec. 7. Effect of taking depositions.
Sec. 8. Effect of using depositions.
Sec. 9. Rebutting deposition.
Sec. 10. Persons before whom depositions may be taken within the Philippines.
Sec. 11. Persons before whom depositions may be taken in foreign countries.
Sec. 12. Commission or letters rogatory.
Sec. 13. Disqualification by interest.
Sec. 14. Stipulations regarding taking of depositions.
Sec. 15. Deposition upon oral examination; notice; time and place.
Sec. 16. Orders for the protection of parties and deponents.
Sec. 17. Record of examination; oath; objections.
Sec. 18. Motion to terminate or limit examination.
Sec. 19. Submission to witness; changes; signing.
Sec. 20. Certification and filing by officer.
Sec. 21. Notice of filing.
Sec. 22. Furnishing copies.
Sec. 23. Failure to attend of party giving notice.
Sec. 24. Failure of party giving notice to serve subpoena.
Sec. 25. Deposition upon written interrogatories; service of notice and of interrogatories.
Sec. 26. Officers to take responses and prepare record.
Sec. 27. Notice of filing and furnishing copies.
Sec. 28. Orders for the protection of parties and deponents.
Sec. 29. Effects of errors and irregularities in depositions.

RULE 24 DEPOSITIONS BEFORE ACTION OR PENDING APPEAL. 
Section 1. Depositions before action; petition.
Sec. 2. Contents of petition.
Sec. 3. Notice and service.
Sec. 4. Order and examination.
Sec. 5. Reference to court.
Sec. 6. Use of deposition.
Sec. 7. Depositions pending appeal.

RULE 25 INTERROGATORIES TO PARTIES
Section 1. Interrogatories to parties; service thereof.
Sec. 2. Answer to interrogatories.
Sec. 3. Objections to interrogatories.
Sec. 4. Number of interrogatories.
Sec. 5. Scope and use of interrogatories.
Sec. 6. Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories.

RULE 26 ADMISSION BY ADVERSE PARTY
Section 1. Request for admission.
Sec. 2. Implied admission.
Sec. 3. Effect of admission.
Sec. 4. Withdrawal.

Sec. 5. Effect of failure to file and serve request for admission.

RULE 27 PRODUCTION OR INSPECTION OF DOCUMENTS OR THINGS
Section 1. Motion for production or inspection; order.

RULE 28 PHYSICAL AND MENTAL EXAMINATION OF PERSONS
Section 1. When examination may be ordered.
Sec. 2. Order for examination.
Sec. 3. Report of findings.
Sec. 4. Waiver of privilege.

RULE 29 REFUSAL TO COMPLY WITH MODES OF DISCOVERY
Section 1. Refusal to answer.
Sec. 2. Contempt of court.
Sec. 3. Other consequences
Sec. 4. Expenses on refusal to admit.
Sec. 5. Failure of party to attend or serve answers.
Sec. 6. Expenses against the Republic of the Philippines.

RULE 30 TRIAL
Section 1. Notice of trial.
Sec. 2. Adjournments and postponements.
Sec. 3. Requisites of motion to postpone trial for absence of evidence.
Sec. 4. Requisites of motion to postpone trial for illness of party or counsel.
Sec. 5. Order of trial.
Sec. 6. Agreed statement of facts.
Sec. 7. Statement of judge.
Sec. 8. Suspension of actions.
Sec. 9. Judge to receive evidence; delegation to clerk of court.

RULE 31 CONSOLIDATION OR SEVERANCE
Section 1. Consolidation.
Sec. 2. Separate trials.

RULE 32 TRIAL BY COMMISSIONER 
Section 1. Reference by consent.
Sec. 2. Reference ordered on motion.
Sec. 3. Order of reference; powers of the commissioner.
Sec. 4. Oath of commissioner.
Sec. 5. Proceedings before commissioner.
Sec. 6. Failure of parties to appear before commissioner.
Sec. 7. Refusal of witness.
 Sec. 8. Commissioner shall avoid delays.
Sec. 9. Report of commissioner.
Sec. 10. Notice to parties of the filing of report.
Sec. 11. Hearing upon report.

Sec. 12. Stipulations as to findings.
Sec. 13. Compensation of commissioner.

RULE 33 DEMURRER TO EVIDENCE
Section 1. Demurrer to evidence.

RULE 34 JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS
Section 1. Judgment on the pleadings.

RULE 35  SUMMARY JUDGMENTS
Section 1. Summary judgment for claimant.
Sec. 2. Summary judgment for defending party.
Sec. 3. Motion and proceedings thereon.
Sec. 4. Case not fully adjudicated on motion.
Sec. 5. Form of affidavits and supporting papers.
Sec. 6. Affidavits in bad faith.
 
RULE 36 JUDGMENTS, FINAL ORDERS AND ENTRY THEREOF
Section 1. Rendition of judgments and final orders.
Sec. 2. Entry of judgments and final orders.
Sec. 3. Judgment for or against one or more of several parties.
Sec. 4. Several judgments.
Sec. 5. Separate judgments.
Sec. 6. Judgment against entity without juridical personality.|

RULE 37 NEW TRIAL OR RECONSIDERATION
Section 1. Grounds of and period for filing motion for new trial or reconsideration.
Sec. 2. Contents of motion for new trial or reconsideration and notice thereof.
Sec. 3. Action upon motion for new trial or reconsideration.
Sec. 4. Resolution of motion.
Sec. 5. Second motion for new trial.
Sec. 6. Effect of granting of motion for new trial.
Sec.7. Partial new trial or reconsideration.
Sec. 8. Effect of order for partial new trial.
Sec. 9. Remedy against order denying a motion for new trial or reconsideration.
 

RULE 38 RELIEF FROM JUDGMENTS, ORDERS,OR OTHER PROCEEDINGS
Section 1. Petition for relief from judgment, order, or other proceedings.
Sec. 2. Petition for relief from denial of appeal.
Sec. 3. Time for filing petition; contents and verification.
Sec. 4. Order to file an answer.
Sec. 5. Preliminary injunction pending proceedings.
Sec. 6. Proceedings after answer is filed.
Sec. 7. Procedure where the denial of an appeal is set aside.

RULE 39 EXECUTION, SATISFACTION AND EFFECT OF JUDGMENTS

Section 1. Execution upon judgments or final orders.
Sec. 2. Discretionary execution.
Sec. 3. Stay of discretionary execution.
Sec. 4. Judgments not stayed by appeal.
Sec. 5. Effect of reversal of executed judgment.
Sec. 6. Execution by motion or by independent action.
Sec. 7. Execution in case of death of party.
Sec. 8. Issuance, form and contents of a writ of execution.
Sec. 9. Execution of judgments for money, how enforced.
Sec. 10. Execution of judgments for specific act.
Sec. 11. Execution of special judgments.
Sec. 12. Effect of levy on execution as to third persons.
Sec. 13. Property exempt from execution.
Sec. 14. Return of writ of execution.
Sec. 15. Notice of sale of property on execution.
Sec. 16. Proceedings where property claimed by third person.
Sec. 17. Penalty for selling without notice, or removing or defacing notice.
Sec. 18. No sale if judgment and costs paid.
Sec. 19. How property sold on execution; who may direct manner and order of sale.
Sec. 20. Refusal of purchaser to pay.
Sec. 21. Judgment obligee as purchaser.
Sec. 22. Adjournment of sale.
Sec. 23. Conveyance to purchaser of personal property capable of manual delivery.
Sec. 24. Conveyance to purchaser of personal property not capable of manual delivery.
Sec. 25. Conveyance of real property; certificate thereof given to purchaser and filed with registry of deeds.
Sec. 26. Certificate of sale where property claimed by third person.
Sec. 27. Who may redeem real property so sold.
Sec. 28. Time and manner of, and amounts payable on, successive redemptions; notice to be given and filed.
Sec. 29. Effect of redemption by judgment obligor, and a certificate to be delivered and recorded thereupon; to whom payments on redemption made.
Sec. 30. Proof required of redemptioner.
Sec. 31. Manner of using premises pending redemption; waste restrained.
Sec. 32. Rents, earnings and income of property pending redemption.
Sec. 33. Deed and possession to be given at expiration of redemption period; by whom executed or given.
Sec. 34. Recovery of price if sale not effective; revival of judgment.
Sec. 35. Right to contribution or reimbursement.
Sec. 36. Examination of judgment obligor when judgment unsatisfied.
Sec. 37. Examination of obligor of judgment obligor.
Sec. 38. Enforcement of attendance and conduct of examination.
Sec. 39. Obligor may pay execution against obligee.
Sec. 40. Order for application of property and income to satisfaction of judgment.

Sec. 41. Appointment of receiver.
Sec. 42. Sale of ascertainable interest of judgment obligor in real estate.
Sec. 43. Proceedings when indebtedness denied or another person claims the property.
Sec. 44. Entry of satisfaction of judgment by clerk of court.
Sec. 45. Entry of satisfaction with or without admission.
Sec. 46. When principal bound by judgment against surety.
Sec. 47. Effect of judgments or final orders.
Sec. 48. Effect of foreign judgments or final orders.

RULE 40 APPEAL FROM MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS TO THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS
Section 1. Where to appeal.
Sec. 2. When to appeal.
Sec. 3. How to appeal.
Sec. 4. Perfection of appeal; effect thereof.
Sec. 5. Appellate court docket and other lawful fees.
Sec. 6. Duty of the clerk of court.
Sec. 7. Procedure in the Regional Trial Court.
Sec. 8. Appeal from orders dismissing case without trial; lack of jurisdiction.
Sec. 9. Applicability of Rule 41.

RULE 41 APPEAL FROM THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS
Section 1. Subject of appeal.
Sec. 2. Modes of appeal.
Sec. 3. Period of ordinary appeal.
Sec. 4. Appellate court docket and other lawful fees.
Sec. 5. Notice of appeal.
Sec. 6. Record on appeal; form and contents thereof.
Sec. 7. Approval of record on appeal.
Sec. 8. Joint record on appeal.
Sec. 9. Perfection of appeal; effect thereof.
Sec. 10. Duty of clerk of court of the lower court upon perfection of appeal.
Sec. 11. Transcript.
Sec. 12. Transmittal.
Sec. 13. Dismissal of appeal.

 
RULE 42 PETITION FOR REVIEW FROM THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS TO THE COURT OF APPEALS
Section 1. How appeal taken; time for filing.
Sec. 2. Form and contents.
Sec. 3. Effect of failure to comply with requirements.
Sec. 4. Action on the petition.
Sec. 5. Contents of comment.
Sec. 6. Due course.
Sec. 7. Elevation of record.
Sec. 8. Perfection of appeal; effect thereof.
Sec. 9. Submission for decision.

RULE 43 APPEALS FROM THE COURT OF TAX APPEALS AND QUASI-JUDICIAL AGENCIES
TO THE COURT OF APPEALS  
Section 1. Scope.
Sec. 2. Cases not covered.
Sec. 3. Where to appeal.
Sec. 4. Period of appeal.
Sec. 5. How appeal taken.
Sec. 6. Contents of the petition.
Sec. 7. Effect of failure to comply with requirements.
Sec. 8. Action on the petition. 
Sec. 9. Contents of comment.
Sec. 10. Due course.
Sec. 11. Transmittal of record.
Sec. 12. Effect of appeal.
Sec. 13. Submission for decision.

PROCEDURE IN THE COURT OF APPEALS [Rules 44 to 55]

RULE 44 ORDINARY APPEALED CASES
Section 1. Title of cases.
Sec. 2. Counsel and guardians.
Sec. 3. Order of transmittal of record.
Sec. 4. Docketing of case.
Sec. 5. Completion of record.
Sec. 6. Dispensing with complete record.
Sec. 7. Appellant’s brief.
Sec. 8. Appellee’s brief.
Sec. 9. Appellant’s reply brief.
Sec. 10. Time for filing memoranda in special cases.
Sec. 11. Several appellants or appellees or several counsel for each party.
Sec. 12. Extension of time for filing briefs.
Sec. 13. Contents of appellant’s brief.
Sec. 14. Contents of appellee’s brief.
Sec. 15. Questions that may be raised on appeal.

 RULE 45 APPEAL BY CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT
Section 1. Filing of petition with Supreme Court.
Sec. 2. Time for filing; extension.
Sec. 3. Docket and other lawful fees; proof of service of petition.
Sec. 4. Contents of petition.
Sec. 5. Dismissal or denial of petition.
Sec. 6. Review discretionary.
Sec. 7. Pleadings and documents that may be required; sanctions.
Sec. 8. Due course; elevation of records.
Sec. 9. Rule applicable to both civil and criminal cases.

RULE 46 ORIGINAL CASES
Section 1. Title of cases.
Sec. 2. To what actions applicable.
Sec. 3. Contents and filing of petition; effect of non-compliance with requirements.
Sec. 4. Jurisdiction over person of respondent, how acquired.
Sec. 5. Action by the court.
Sec. 6. Determination of factual issues.
Sec. 7. Effect of failure to file comment.

RULE 47 ANNULMENT OF JUDGMENTS OR FINAL ORDERS AND RESOLUTIONS
Section 1. Coverage.
Sec. 2. Grounds for annulment.
Sec. 3. Period for filing action.
Sec. 4. Filing and contents of petition.
Sec. 5. Action by the court.
Sec. 6. Procedure.
Sec. 7. Effect of judgment.
Sec. 8. Suspension of prescriptive period.
Sec. 9. Relief available.
Sec. 10. Annulment of judgments or final orders of Municipal Trial Courts.

RULE 48 PRELIMINARY CONFERENCE
Section 1. Preliminary conference.
Sec. 2. Record of the conference.
Sec. 3. Binding effect of the results of the conference.

RULE 49 ORAL ARGUMENT
Section 1. When allowed.
Sec. 2. Conduct of oral argument.
Sec. 3. No hearing or oral argument for motions.

RULE 50 DISMISSAL OF APPEAL
Section 1. Grounds for dismissal of appeal.
Sec. 2. Dismissal of improper appeal to the Court of Appeals.
Sec. 3. Withdrawal of appeal.

 RULE 51 JUDGMENT
Section 1. When case deemed submitted for judgment.
Sec. 2. By whom rendered.
Sec. 3. Quorum and voting in the court.
Sec. 4. Disposition of a case.
Sec. 5. Form of decision.
Sec. 6. Harmless error.
Sec. 7. Judgment where there are several parties.
Sec. 8. Questions that may be decided.
Sec. 9. Promulgation and notice of judgment.
Sec. 10. Entry of judgments and final resolutions.
Sec. 11. Execution of judgment.

RULE 52 MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION
Section 1. Period for filing.
Sec. 2. Second motion for reconsideration.
Sec. 3. Resolution of motion.
Sec. 4. Stay of execution.

RULE 53 NEW TRIAL
Section 1. Period for filing; ground.
Sec. 2. Hearing and order.
Sec. 3. Resolution of motion.
Sec. 4. Procedure in new trial.

RULE 54 INTERNAL BUSINESS
Section 1. Distribution of cases among divisions.
Sec. 2. Quorum of the Court.

RULE 55 PUBLICATION OF JUDGMENTS AND FINAL RESOLUTION
Section 1. Publication.
Sec. 2. Preparation of opinions for publication.
Sec. 3. General make-up of volumes.

PROCEDURE IN THE SUPREME COURT
[Rules 56-A to 56-B]

RULE 56-A ORIGINAL CASES
Section 1. Original cases cognizable.
Sec. 2. Rules applicable.

RULE 56-B
APPEALED CASES

Sec. 3. Mode of appeal.
Sec. 4. Procedure.
Sec. 5. Grounds for dismissal of appeal.
Sec. 6. Disposition of improper appeal.
Sec. 7. Procedure if opinion is equally divided.